TRATAMENTO DAS COMPLICAÇÕES EM CIRURGIA DE TERCEIROS MOLARES: Revisão da literatura

Abstract

Third molar surgery is one of the most common procedures in dentistry but is often associated with postoperative complications such as pain, edema, trismus, alveolitis, and infections. This study aimed to critically review the scientific literature on the mainstrategies for preventing and managing these complications, identifying the most effective and safe approaches. It is a qualitative literature review based on research in PubMed, BVS, and Google Scholar databases, covering the period from 2015 to 2025. Clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews addressing complications arising from third molar extractions and the pharmacological, surgical, and adjunctive measures used for their control were included. The results indicated that the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids is effective in controlling pain and swelling, while prophylactic antibiotic therapy should be indicated only in specific cases due to the risk of bacterial resistance. Less invasive techniques, chlorhexidine irrigation, and cryotherapy proved effective in reducing morbidity. Innovative approaches such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), photobiomodulation, and natural products like honey showed therapeutic potential in accelerating healing and controlling inflammation. It is concluded that the integration of pharmacological, surgical, and biotechnological therapies, combined with individualized treatment, is essential to optimize outcomes and reduce postoperative complications in third molar surgeries.