DO CONDICIONAMENTO CLÁSSICO À NEUROCIÊNCIA: uma análise da evolução dos métodos de treinamento canino sob a perspectiva do bem-estar animal

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of dog training methods, from the fundamentals of classical (Pavlov) and operant (Skinner) conditioning to the incorporation of advances in neuroscience and animal welfare. The methodology consisted of an integrative literature review, dedicated to the in-depth analysis of crucial scientific works for understanding dog training, including classic works and contemporary studies in neuroimaging and ethology. The results demonstrate that, although the principles of conditioning remain valid, modern science, by highlighting canine sentience and the neurobiological correlates of stress (cortisol) and reward(caudate nucleus), has redefined the application of these principles. It is concluded that Positive Reinforcement is the tool of choice, and the LIMA Principle (Least Intrusive, Minimally Aversive) emerges as the fundamental ethical and technical guideline, guiding the veterinarian to prioritize interventions that maximize effectiveness with minimal negative impact on animal welfare.