O USO TERAPÊUTICO DA CANNABIS SATIVA NO TRATAMENTO DA DOR CRÔNICA, COM FOCO NA FIBROMIALGIA

Abstract

This study analyzed the therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa and its derivatives in the management of chronic pain, with an emphasis on fibromyalgia, a syndrome characterized by diffuse pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and functional impairment. The growing clinical relevance of the topic motivated a synthesis of evidence on the efficacy, safety, and limitations of cannabinoids in difficult-to-treat conditions. The objective was to evaluate the contributions of cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to the modulation of pain, mood, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia. The methodology was qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory, based on a systematic and integrative bibliographic review of studies published between 2021 and 2025, emphasizing clinical trials, systematic reviews, and observational studies retrieved from national and international databases. The results indicate consistent biological plausibility and signs of clinical benefit, although the evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. Rigorous clinical trials have not demonstrated statistically significant superiority over placebo in primary pain outcomes. On the other hand, observational studies and integrative reviews reported multidimensional improvement in pain, sleep, fatigue, and mood, especially when combined CBD and THC formulations were individualized and titrated gradually. The safety profile proved favorable, with mild and self-limited adverse events predominating. It is concluded that Cannabis sativa has therapeutic potential as an adjuvant treatment in refractory cases of fibromyalgia, and its use should occur under medical supervision and with clear indication, dosing, and monitoring protocols. Further multicenter and standardized studies with robust samples are recommended to consolidate clinical guidelines and safely integrate medicinal Cannabis into contemporary therapeutic practice.