PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS PACIENTES VÍTIMAS DE QUEIMADURAS EM UM HOSPITAL DE URGÊNCIA E TRAUMA: um estudo descritivo

Abstract

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a fundamental role in protecting against external agents, regulating temperature, and maintaining homeostasis. Burn injuries, by compromising skin integrity, trigger highly complex local and systemic repercussions, which can result in significant morbidity and mortality, as well as major functional, aesthetic, psychological, and social impairments. In this scenario, burn injuries represent a relevant public health problem due to their high incidence, potential severity, and significant demand for specialized care.This study aims to delineate the epidemiological profile of burn patients treated at an emergency and trauma hospital within a burn care reference center in the city of Goiânia, Goiás.This is a retrospective, epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, based on the analysis of medical records of patients hospitalized from January 2025 to December 2025. Sociodemographic, clinical, etiological, therapeutic, and care outcome variables were examined through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.The findings revealed that the treated patients were predominantly within the working-age group (21 to 40 years old), accounting for n = 189 (43%). Among the most prevalent etiologies, thermal agents stood out at 70.9% (n = 309), with etiological agents related to domestic accidents (hot oil, hot/boiling water, and alcohol + fire) being the most dominant. An interesting finding was the high number of debridement procedures performed (633), which prevented infections, accelerated recovery, and reduced the length of hospital stay, reflecting a low mortality rate of 4.6% (n = 17). These results are expected to contribute to improving care for burn patients, as well as to institutional planning and the formulation of preventive strategies aimed at reducing the incidence and impacts of burn injuries.