Abstract:
The National Immunization Program (PNI) is crucial for disease prevention in Brazil but
has faced a decline in childhood vaccination rates, driven by misinformation, limited
access, and political changes. Objective: To explore the factors influencing vaccine
hesitancy and resistance in Brazil. Methodology: A narrative review to explore the
political, social, economic, and cultural factors that influenced the decline in childhood
vaccination in Brazil, based on research from LILACS and MedLine databases.
Results and Discussion: The decline in childhood vaccination in Brazil threatens the
achievements of the PNI and demands actions to restore trust and protect against
controlled diseases. Conclusions: Reversing the decline in vaccination rates requires
education, expanded access, and consistent policies, with clear campaigns and
strategic use of social media to combat misinformation.
