GOMES, Gabriela Cristina de Souza; MELLO, Lucas Gabriel Alves; FALEIRO, Mariana Batista Rodrigues
Abstract:
The maritime transport of live cattle is a growing activity in Brazil, driven by international demand, but it imposes significant risks to animal welfare. This study aimed to critically analyze the physical and behavioral impacts of live cattle maritime transport, highlighting structural, environmental, and operational failures thatcompromise animal health during long journeys. The methodology consisted of a bibliographic and documentary review based on scientific articles, technical reports, and national and international standards published between 2013 and 2025. The results indicate that factors such as high temperatures, poor ventilation, stocking density overload, lack of standardized protocols, and ineffective inspections increase stress levels, morbidity, and mortality on board. The study also found that mortality rate is a limited indicator of welfare, requiring complementary physiological and behavioral metrics. It is concluded that improving transport conditions depends on the integration of monitoring technologies, crew training, and effective enforcement of existing regulations, aiming to align the Brazilian livestock sector with international animal welfare standards.
