A PESSOA SURDA NA RELAÇÃO COM O SABER: A CONSTITUIÇÃO DA SUBJETIVIDADE E AUTONOMIA

Abstract

This research presents a theoretical study about the deaf person in their relationship with the knowledge, with the aim of identifying fundamental elements for the construction of autonomy and subjectivity, seeking to emphasize their potential and not the absence of hearing. As part of the theoretical study, a literature review was necessary, in order to contextualize the object of study in the set of published productions on the subject. The theoretical foundation provided the appropriation and problematization of the key concepts and theorizations about the object investigated in the research, as a way to support the analytical procedure that gave substance to the research. To highlight such concepts and theorizations, Charlot (2000, 2001, 2013) was chosen as the theoretical framework, in what theorizes about the relationship with the knowledge; Vygotsky (1998, 2004) in defense of the educability of people with disabilities; Immanuel Kant (1985) and Aristotle (2002) as a starting point for understanding the emphasis given by thinkers on the concept of autonomy and act and potency respectively; González Rey (2003, 2005, 2017), to understand the concept of subjectivity from a point of view that puts the person ahead of disability; and Goldfeld (1997) that theorizes about deafness. As a methodological procedure, four movies were chosen, starting from four cinematographic Productions. First, a documentary, Zagorsk's Butterflies (1992) and three movies, peculiar to the theme of deafness: Its name is Jonas (1979), The Miracle of Ann Sullivan (2000) and The Sound of Silence (2019). The justification of this cinematographic works, it’s about the possibility of reflection about the reality and the representative language that the chosen movies and documentaries brought about the highlighted theme. The analysis of the content proceeded as a guideline for the description and interpretation of the scenes highlighted in the films and documentary, focusing the elements that emerge as foundations in the constitution of the deaf person's autonomy and subjectivity in a way that is recognized by their potential and not by the absence of hearing. Defending the potential of the deaf person, this research starts from the following question: In relation to school knowledge, which elements stand out as fundamental in the constitution of the deaf person's autonomy and subjectivity, that they are attributed by their potential and not by their lack of your hearing? The results indicate that we must consider the construction of a person's autonomy and subjectivity as a process that involves internal and external elements that arise in the different situations in which a deaf person relates to him, to others and to the world. That in the relationship with the school knowledge, it is necessary to advance in terms of the point of view that sees deafness from a clinical perspective, based on the deficit argument for considering its potential and not its disability. Therefore, the importance of family, social and cultural relationships in the constitution of the deaf person is confirmed.