DIABETES MELLITUS: ABORDAGEM DIAGNÓSTICA E MANEJO TERAPÊUTICO EM UM PACIENTE CANINO

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a condition commonly diagnosed in dogs, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a deficiency in insulin secretion or action. This studydiscusses aspects of the diagnosis and therapeutic management of a female Pug dog referred to a veterinary clinic specializing in endocrinology after presenting persistent hyperglycemia in serum glucose tests and urinalysis. The patient exhibited signs of polyuria and polydipsia. The blood glucose level was 560 mg/dL, indicating hyperglycemia. The urinalysis revealed glucosuria, ketonuria, and bacteriuria. Additionally, the dog presented with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, findings commonly seen in dogs with diabetes mellitus. The recommended therapy was the introduction of insulin with frequent glucose monitoring to eliminate the observed clinical signs of diabetes and prevent the development of chronic complications, such as cataracts, kidney disease, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Monitoring the patient's glycemic status was also important to avoid sudden drops and prevent hypoglycemia. With the stabilization of blood glucose levels, the dog was discharged with instructions for insulin use and compounded medications, including bezafibrate, silymarin, vitamin E, and ursodeoxycholic acid. The addition of a high-fiber diet was essential for stabilizing glucose levels, and when combined with an appropriate therapeutic protocol, it can lead to significant improvement, as observed in the described case, which showed satisfactory results.