Medicalização de dificuldades escolares na infância: percepções familiares e o papel do farmacêutico no uso racional de medicamentos

Abstract

The aim of this Final Paper is to analyse how family perceptions influence the process of medicalisation of school and behavioural difficulties in childhood, addressing the role of pharmacists in promoting the rational use of medicines. This is a qualitative, exclusively bibliographical study based on a review of national and international scientific literature published between 2014 and 2024. The data was organised into thematic categories based on studies that discuss the advance of medicalisation, the role of school and health institutions, and the role of pharmacists - especially withregard to the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the use of psychostimulants such as methylphenidate. The results indicate that clinical diagnoses and drug prescriptions are often motivated by institutional and social pressures, without considering alternative pedagogical interventions. Pharmacists are seen as strategic players in guiding families and promoting the rational use of medicines. The study highlights the importance of intersectoral coordination to tackle the phenomenon of medicalisation, proposing educational, ethical and critical action on the part of health professionals.