NASCIMENTO, Jean Carlos Ozuna; DUTRA, Rogério Resende; OLIVEIRA, Fabiana Lopes Ramos de
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of dog training methods, from the
fundamentals of classical (Pavlov) and operant (Skinner) conditioning to the
incorporation of advances in neuroscience and animal welfare. The methodology
consisted of an integrative literature review, dedicated to the in-depth analysis of
crucial scientific works for understanding dog training, including classic works and
contemporary studies in neuroimaging and ethology. The results demonstrate that,
although the principles of conditioning remain valid, modern science, by highlighting
canine sentience and the neurobiological correlates of stress (cortisol) and reward(caudate nucleus), has redefined the application of these principles. It is concluded that
Positive Reinforcement is the tool of choice, and the LIMA Principle (Least Intrusive,
Minimally Aversive) emerges as the fundamental ethical and technical guideline,
guiding the veterinarian to prioritize interventions that maximize effectiveness with
minimal negative impact on animal welfare.
