RELAÇÃO ENTRE A DIETA COM ALTO TEOR DE FÓSFORO E A FORMAÇÃO DE CÁLCULOS URINÁRIOS EM CADELAS: RELATO DE CASO

Abstract

Canine urolithiasis is a multifactorial condition resulting from urinary supersaturation and the interaction between diet, pH, density, and infection, with a significant impact on small animal clinical practice. This study aimed to describe and discuss the management of a case of struvite bladder urolithiasis in an adult female, linking it to a narrative literature review on determinants, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The methodology combined a qualitative and descriptive review of scientific databases,prioritizing publications from the last decade, and a retrospective report obtained from medical records, laboratory tests, and hospitalization records. A Shih Tzu dog presented with hematuria and dysuria, a history of dry food with a high phosphorus content, and laboratory confirmation of struvite calculi. Treatment was performed via cystotomy, and a prevention plan was implemented with a urinary diet and strategies to increase water intake. The treatment was based on the role of nutrition, pH control, urine specific gravity, and culture, since when infection is suspected, the criteria for dissolution and removal must be followed. Therefore, the integrated approach, combining accurate diagnosis, careful therapeutic decision-making, and prevention focused on nutrition and hydration, was crucial in reducing morbidity and relapses, offering practical guidelines for routine clinical care of dogs.