CRIOPRESERVAÇÃO DE SÊMEN EQUINOS NA INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL

Abstract

Cryopreservation of equine semen associated with artificial insemination (AI) represents one of the main reproductive biotechnologies applied in modern equine production, enabling the dissemination of high genetic value, preservation of valuable lineages, and advancement of genetic improvement programs. However, the freezing and thawing process may compromise sperm viability due to structural and functional damage caused by thermal, osmotic, and mechanical stress. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze, through a narrative literature review, the use of equine semen cryopreservation in artificial insemination, considering the main factors that affect sperm viability during freezing and thawing. The bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, prioritizing studies published between 2020 and 2025, complemented by relevant classical literature. The findings indicate that proper management of seminal plasma, careful selection of extenders and cryoprotectants, and precise control of cooling and thawing curves are critical factors for maintaining sperm motility, membrane integrity, and fertilizing capacity. It is concluded that the integration of efficient cryopreservation protocols with precise artificial insemination techniques is essential to maximize reproductive outcomes, consolidating these biotechnologies as strategic tools for the sustainable development of equine reproduction.