OS DESAFIOS E BENEFÍCIOS DA ESTERILIZAÇÃO ITINERANTE NO CASTRAMÓVEL E NAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS

Abstract

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the challenges and benefits of itinerant sterilization carried out using the castramóvel (mobile neutering unit), configured as an important public policy strategy aimed at controlling the population of dogs and cats, preventing zoonoses, and promoting animal welfare. The research consists of a systematic literature review based on bibliographic surveys from national and international scientific databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2020 to 2025. Articles addressing technical, legal, social, and sanitary aspects related to itinerant sterilization practices were selected. The results indicate that the castramóvel has proven to be an effective alternative to expand access to sterilization in low-income communities, reducing abandonment and contributing to public health. Additionally, it promotes public awareness regarding responsible pet ownership and respect for animals. However, its implementation faces structural, financial, and logistical challenges, as well as a lock of standardized regulations among states and municipalities. The study also highlights the importance of collaboration among government agencies, educational institutions, and non-governmental organizations to ensure the sustainability and expansion of these programs. It concludes that the consolidation of the castramóvel as an effective public policy depends on continuous investments, professional training, and educational initiatives integrating health, environmental, and animal welfare sectors.