HUMANIZAÇÃO DA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM FRENTE A DOR E AO ESTRESSE DO RECÉM-NASCIDO EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Abstract

Pain is a symptom that is part of the daily life of the mainly premature neonates hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, due to the large number of invasive and non-invasive pain procedures that they undergo during their hospitalization, being an important stress generator. The impossibility of verbalization of the NB makes it difficult to treat or conduct therapy, requiring the physiological and behavioral parameters to be identified. Stress means a set of reactions of the organism to aggressions of diverse origins, capable of disturbing the internal balance of neonates. In NICUs the NBs are highly vulnerable and require special and continuous nursing care, which requires professionals to have a great scientific knowledge, technical ability and humanization of care. The general objective of this study is to identify procedures that influence the pain and stress of newborns in NICUs. And the specific objective is to characterize the nursing actions for the humanization of NB care in the NICU. The methodology was carried out through an integrative review of the literature, by means of a bibliographical survey in electronic material in the databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), especially in the databases of LILACS, BDEnf and MEDLINE in search of national articles in the years of 2006 To 2016. The results confirmed the existence of stress-inducing factors such as noise, excessive manipulation, ambient lighting and invasive procedures that interfere in the process of growth and development of the NB. Nursing professionals present difficulties to use behavioral and physiological scales that monitor neonatal stress and maintain routines that aim at their reduction. The realization of humanized care in the scope of the NICU is still a challenge, and the difficulties and obstacles encountered by professionals in the work process are great because it is a complex and stressful environment not only for the NB but also for parents and professionals. It is concluded that there is diversity and difficulty in achieving humanization, where professionals need greater knowledge about neonatal care in painful and stressful situations, and it is necessary to implement protocols for pain assessment and training of the team, contributing to the Humanization of care