EVASÃO ESCOLAR NO ENSINO MÉDIO NOTURNO: DETERMINANTES SOCIAIS, CULTURAIS E HISTÓRICOS

Abstract

This dissertation is linked to the Research Line on Education, Culture, Theory, and Pedagogical Processes of the Graduate Program in Education at Faculdade de Inhumas – FacMais. The study offers a reflection on dropout rates in Brazilian nighttime high schools, alongside a historical overview of this phenomenon. The aim was to understand the historical development of school dropout rates, exploring the social, cultural, and historical determinants that have contributed to this issue, particularly within the context of nighttime high schools. A historical review of public policies aimed at reducing dropout rates was conducted, focusing on initiatives implemented in the state of Goiás, as well as an analysis of the social and cultural factors shaping dropout rates in this educational setting, based on a literature review. The propositions and arguments of this work were guided by the following question: What is the panorama of school dropout rates in nighttime high schools in recent years? Dropout rates in this educational phase are a complex phenomenon that negatively impacts the educational system and socio-economic development of society, occurring when students abandon their studies before completing basic education. The consequences are severe for both individuals and society at large. To achieve the goals of this research, a qualitative theoretical study was conducted, drawing on authors such as Arroyo (1991, 1993), Baeta, Rocha and Brandão (1982), Bourdieu (2014), Cabral (2017), Cury (2005), Durkheim (2014), Ferreira (2001, 2011, 2013), Freire (2013), Gatti and Barreto (2009), Jencks (2005), Libâneo (1989), Neri (2009), Paro (2001), Patto (1997, 2022), Queiroz (2011), Rumberger (2011), Sibília (2012), and Sposito e Galvão (2004), who provide theoretical foundation for this investigation. Thus, it is crucial to address school dropout rates in an integrated manner, considering both internal factors (such as curricula that are not tailored to students' realities) and external factors (such as socio-economic inequalities, violence, and teenage pregnancy). Early interventions, like the Busca Ativa program, are necessary to identify signs of demotivation and student difficulties before dropout becomes inevitable. Public policies and educational programs that promote school retention are essential to reduce dropout rates and ensure equal educational opportunities. Furthermore, there is a need to value the curriculum and pedagogical methods in nighttime high schools, making learning more meaningful and engaging, and transforming the school environment into a welcoming and appealing space for young people.